MUDHARABAH

mudharabah derived from dharb, meaning mwemukul or walking. Definition of hit or run it more precisely is someone slapped his leg in the process of doing business. Technically, Al-mudaraba venture is an agreement of cooperation between the two parties in which the first (Shohibul maal) provides a whole (100%) of capital, while the other party becomes of trustees. Business profits are divided according to the agreement mudharabah as outlined in the contract, whereas if the loss is borne by owners of capital loss is not caused by the negligence of the manager. If the loss was caused by fraud or negligence of the manager, then the manager should be responsible for the losses.2. The foundation of Sharia in general the basic foundation of Al-Mudaraba Sharia better reflect the recommendation to conduct business. This is evident from the verses and the traditions of the following:A. Al-Quran "......... and the people who walk the land, seeking of Allah's bounty ........." (Surat al-Muzammil: 20) That a Wajhud-dilalah or argument from the Qur'an Surat al-Muzammil: 20 above is the same word root Yadhribun Mudharabah word, which means doing a business trip. "Where prayer has been accomplished, then you bertebaranlah on earth and seek the grace of God, and remember Allah much, much so that you may prosper" (Surah Al-Jumuah: 10)B. Hadith "narrated from Ibn Abbas, that Sayyidina Abbas bin Abdul Muntalib if you give money to their business partners Mudharabah it requires that the funds are not carried across the sea, down the valley that are harmful, or buy livestock. If you violate these rules, then the corresponding charge of funds. Disampaikanlah-ayrat terms to the Messenger of Allah, and Allah also allow it. "(Narrated by Thabrani).C. Ijma 'zailai Imam, in his book ar Nasbu Rayah (4/13), has stated that the Companions had legitimacy berkonsensus against the property of orphans mudharabah processing, the consensus of the companions is in line with the spirit of tradition cited in the book of Abu Ubaid Al amwal (454)3. the types of Al-Mudaraba Mudaraba generally divided to two types, namely: Muthlaqah and Mudaraba Mudaraba muqayyadah.A. Muthlaqah Mudaraba Transactions are benthic mudharabah muthlaqah cooperation between Shohibul maal and mudharib the scope is very broad and not limited by sfesifikasi kind of effort, time, and ndaerah business. In the discussion of fiqh Salaf al Salih is often exemplified by the expression If al ma syi'ta (do as you please) of shihibul maal to mudharib which gives enormous power.B. Mudaraba Mudaraba muqayyadah muqayyadah or also called by the term restricted mudaraba / sfecified mudharabah is the opposite of mudharabah muthlaqah. The mudharib in limiting the batsan kind of effort, time, or place of business. These restrictions often reflect general trends in the shahibul maal enter the world kind of business.4. Applications in Banking Al-Mudaraba is usually applied to financial products and financing. On the fundraising side, Al-mudharabah applied to:A. Savings deposits, the savings are intended for specific purposes, such as the hajj savings, savings Qurban, and so forth.B. Regular depositsC. Special deposits (Special investment) funds deposited in which the particular customer for a particular business, such as murabaha only. While on the financing side, mudharabah applied for:A. working capital financing, such as working capital and trade in services2. specific investments: also called mudaraba muqayyadah, wherein the source of a special fund with a special distribution-ayarat condition set by Shohibul maal.5. Benefits mudharabahA. benefits mudharabahA. bank will enjoy increased revenue sharing at the customer's business profits increased.2. bank is not obligated to pay for the results to the client funding is fixed, but adapted to the revenues or results of operations of the bank, so the bank will never experience the negative spread.3. principal repayment tailored to cash flow financing? bank business cash flow, so as not to burden the customer.4. bank will be more selective and cautious (prudent) to find businesses that actually halal, safe, and beneficial because the profits are concrete and that's really going to be distributed.5. the principle of profit sharing in mudharabah / Al Musharaka is different from the principle of a fixed interest rate which the bank will charge the funding recipient (customer) a fixed amount of interest generated any profit clients, even losing money and the economic crisis.6. Al-Mudharabah Risk Risk contained in al-mudaraba, especially in its application in finance, relatively high. Among them:A. side treaming: nasabag use the funds instead as it is called in the contract.B. Negligent and intentional errorsC. hiden profit by customers, if customers are not honest.

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